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Essentially, in my mind, there are three parameters around which the dilemma to ‘serve the chicken or throw it’ revolves. Evaluation partly fuelled by education, evolution triggered by the milieu in which one lives and economic impact.Let’s begin with education. Broadly speaking, anyone who spends two decades of his life ‘learning’, is expected to be more discerning between ‘right’ from ‘wrong’. It can also be concluded that an educated individual will likely do more ‘right’ than an uneducated person. Right? Not exactly.The basic problem here is that there is no fixed parameter to define ‘right’. So, while the current education system certainly helps develop lenses through which one can tell ‘right’ from ‘not so right’, the problem is that what one person considers ‘right’ may not be so for another person. Ironically, the barometers for defining ‘right’ vary from society to society, by time, and indeed by social strata. Besides, there are extraneous factors overriding the inputs delivered or expected to be delivered by the education system. Every child in the country is encouraged by his elders to be the best in his class, and since success is based on a comparative scale, the general tendency among most educated Indians is to benchmark themselves against fellow mates. Ironically, the elders giving advice to these children are being coached to be good team players in their workplaces. No wonder one often hears in global corporate circles that Indians are excellent individual contributors but poor team players. Therefore, to just blame the education system for the ‘dilemma’ may be fashionable but not comprehensive. Societies evolve over time. More importantly, governance mechanisms mature with time. The critical thing to note here is that human behaviour is dynamic and generally improves over a period of time as the benefits of mutualism become visible.And finally, it is all about the economics of the choices to be made. For most situations, sheer common sense and some basic education is enough to differentiate ‘right’ from ‘wrong’. However, in most cases, the decision is more around the economic impact of the choice. Vatsa, with his high ethical standards, may have compromised on the quality of the bigger lot to achieve the economies of scale but he might have satisfied his ethical ego by rejecting a smaller unfit lot.The jury is still out on drawing a correlation between standard of ethics and degree of fulfilment of physiological needs. So, while being coached to maintain high ethical standards in life, many of us have seen our role models stutter, stammer and falter in high-impact situations.I think that as every child grows up to take on the world, besides the education system, which within its own limitations is expected to convey the acceptable ethical and moral standards, there are several external situations and interventions that exposes the child to the dilemmas of the real world and, in some sense, sets their value systems. It is the same education system and society that created both, a Kundu senior and a Vatsa.The concept Raman brings out on inculcation of dealing with ‘grey zone’ is an interesting one! I think it is time that our pedagogy evolves to the next level of teaching through experimentation and explorations. So, while the young citizens are taught the societal extent of acceptability through textbooks, they are also made aware that life is all about making the choices and living with them.I do agree with Raman on his theory of evolution. I think as our democratic system of governance matures, ‘realism’ would tend to get closer to ‘idealism’ as the community gets exposed to the benefits of honesty, trust and faith in each other.I believe a lot of it is also linked with our economic situation. As the country prospers with better schools and improved literacy standards, there will come a day very soon when our college students would throw the dropped chicken in the garbage bin because at that point everybody would be doing the same. Inshalla! The author is a CFO for global applications business for CSC . He has over 20 years of experience, including at GE and HUL(This story was published in BW | Businessworld Issue Dated 26-08-2013)
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The idealism of education is not about having one’s head in the clouds but about being fully mindful of the goings-on in the larger society. Not supporting them, but just being aware.The search for the truth, or the search for precision in whichever domain of study we undertake, ensures that we continue to evolve and reach higher rather than lower levels. If people become cynical about learning, then who will provide the engine for the future? The belief that education must be moderated by a large dose of reality means only that our students need to be better informed about the legacies that are constantly in the making by opportunists and the short-sighted, and the price they are likely to pay in future.There is a fundamental ‘sleight of hand’ involved in this story. Organisations can play around with their standard ‘tolerance ranges’. The idea that “schools should bring in reality” puts the entire blame on the so-called idealism of schools. The issue is not the school but the people in organisations who want to take short cuts to maximise their gains. If schools do not have ideals, how can the future be an advancement of the present?We are all aware of how progressively standards can get eroded. Pieces of chicken falling on the floor to be picked up and used without a care or tweaking quality standards to pass sub-optimal products, or whatever else, over time results in a very different product with less defined standards than was perhaps envisaged at the start of the operation. The insinuation that the youth have their heads in the clouds or that those responsible for education are being unrealistic is getting the facts all wrong. Perhaps, the kids need to ‘tour’ the reality of the adult ‘sleight of hand’, the so-called grey zones, or rampant opportunism, as evidence of what is actually happening, and then perhaps reflect about what is appropriate and right. Education, like the judiciary, needs to maintain its impartiality for the truth. A corrupted judiciary will result in the absence of safety and a degeneration that will go uncontrolled. Over time there will be anarchy or the absence or disregard of the law. A corrupted education system will result in people who will have no standard for the truth at the heart of all disciplines. Anything will be considered right and acceptable. Where will we stand in the world stage?It is not just about providing more and more mindless people as part of the workforce. This case study makes it appear as if those with falling standards in the world of work are trying to co-opt students to turn a blind eye to what is happening and appreciate the ‘grey’ as a necessity and not as a form of corrupt or unethical practices. Take an instance from our not too distant past: Are we saying that the standards broken for the disastrous Commonwealth Games are really acceptable? That’s the reality of the world and we have to accept it? To hope for something aspirational, better, more vibrant, more inspiring is idealistic? Do we want our children to become cynical and taking short-cuts at every step of the way? What will this do for us as a nation?Old Mr Kundu, Punya’s father (of Part 1), seems to think that his own helplessness as a professional should translate as moderating the idealism of students. Granted that he had a lot of reasons why he was helpless but to think that his constraints should be a lesson for education makes it sound as though he is displacing his anger away from where it really belongs. Idealism is about aspiration, growth and evolution. One cannot grow by not looking at the facts. Our leaders, with their failings or virtues, have to be seen as they are. The objective has to be of going beyond them, and not fitting into their definition of the game. Those in education who are truly promoting excellence through enquiry and reflection are the real heroes — they have the courage to do so inspite of a large group that treats the process like a factory for cogs in the proverbial wheel. The author is a consultant at the Centre For Creative Leadership, Asia-Pac(This story was published in BW | Businessworld Issue Dated 26-08-2013)
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An inter-ministerial panel has suggested higher taxes for non-essential imports with a view to curbing inward shipments and containing the current account deficit (CAD).The Committee has also suggested a list of non-essential items the import of which could be compressed, with a view to bridge the trade gap.These suggestions form part of the recommendations made by the Committee set up by Finance Minister P Chidambaram under the chairmanship of Rajat Bhargava, Joint Secretary (Budget Division) to suggest steps to contain the rising CAD, which had touched a record high of 4.8 per cent of GDP in the last fiscal.The committee has already submitted its report to Chidambaram and according to sources some steps are likely to be announced soon."The panel has suggested higher taxes on those non- essential items which do not add to inflationary pressures," sources said.Chidambaram had earlier said that government would be looking at "some compression in non-oil and non-gold imports, especially of non-essential goods", citing the example of coal and electronic hardware.For the April-June period this fiscal, exports were down by 1.41 per cent at $72.45 billion over the same period last year. However, imports during the period were up by 5.99 per cent at $122.6 billion.Trade gap in the first quarter stood at over $50 billion.India's exports during 2012-13 was at $300.3 billion, while imports aggregated $491.9 billion. Trade deficit stood at $191.6 billion during the period.Current Account Deficit (CAD) occurs when total imports of goods, services and transfers are higher than exports, reflecting outgo of foreign exchange.(Reuters)
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Why does it seem that the states have stopped competing for investment? Remember the 90s when Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka fought tooth and nail to upstage Maharashtra and Gujarat? How the Chennai region managed to get all the auto sector investment even though Pune region had a legacy advantage. The continuing sense of gloom among investors has been fed largely by the increasing lethargy of state governments to push growth. State governments and chief ministers make half hearted attempts to hold investor conferences. More effort is spent on organizing a summit than in clearing hurdles for projects. Chief ministers hold the occasional photo-op meeting with business leaders to show their commitment for growth. But soon after the flash bulbs move away, the chief minister and the government turns its face away from pending problems. Frustrated by such behaviour business groups are getting specific about project clearances. The Confederation of Indian Industry recently sent a list of 62 large projects to central government that are waiting to start operations. The total investment in these projects is over $13 billion. Of these most are in power and petroleum sector while the rest are in transport and township. The clearances they are waiting for are mostly from the state governments. While the central Ministry of Environment has held up a few, the local approvals are proving to be more frustrating. A project management group set up at the central government is trying to push states into getting the clearance done. Read More articles by Pranjal SharmaIn another time and era, state governments would have fallen over each to provide the clearances. Today, investors have to struggle. Part of the reason for this is the sheer increase in number of proposals. States are running out of land but they are also severely short of innovative ideas to resolve issues. Generous compensation, structured employment in projects and removal of archaic rules will automatically speed up the approvals. But the local political leadership is loath to take the effort or to give appropriate direction to the bureaucracy. Not surprising then that an increase number of investors are planning life without India. Even as the central government relaxes foreign direct investment rules, domestic investors are flying away. Much hope is being placed in Raghuram Rajan, the governor designate of Reserve Bank of India. Low growth, falling rupee and high inflation can’t be controlled by the central bank alone. Nor can the central government alone shoulder the responsibility. States will have to pull their weight to ensure that job creation and fund generation for welfare schemes is enabled. Where the central government has failed is to creating a positive sentiment of growth and action. Even if the central ministries don’t control state level issues, they can be proactive in chasing clearances. Political parties must push their Chief Ministers to focus on improving growth. States have to be able to convince citizens that if land and other resources are being allotted for projects, the returns will be better jobs and wealth for all. India needs a fresh batch of chief ministers in states who are eager and hungry for growth and development. Tough to say when this batch will graduate and take charge. (Pranjal Sharma is a senior business writer. He can be contacted at pranjalx@gmail.com)
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The rupee rose on Thursday, 8 August, benefitting from a global risk-on trade, but dealers said the outlook is dependant on further steps from the government and the central bank to help prop up the currency. The rupee was trading 61.19/20 to a dollar versus 61.30/31 last close. It fell to a record low on 61.80 on Tuesday (6 August). Bond yields eased, helped by a rise in U.S. government debt prices. The benchmark 10-year bond yield was down 2 basis points at 8.12 per cent. (Reuters)
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The rupee's fall to record lows has raised chances that the Reserve Bank of India will take more steps to support the currency, as a strategy built on tightening rupee money markets and raising short-term interest rates has had limited effect.The worst performing Asian currency of the year so far hit a new life low of Rs 61.80 per dollar on Tuesday, breezing past a previous low of 61.21 hit on 8 July. Central bank intervention helped the rupee recover, but by Wednesday, 7 August, it was sliding once again, to stand around 61.35 by 11 a.m.Below are the possible steps that the RBI or the government could take to support the currency.RBI ActionsFX interventionTighten liquidity further by:- Raising banks' statutory liquidity ratio of 23 per cent- Further reducing how much banks can borrow from the RBI under the daily repo auction- Reducing the amount of funds RBI provides to banks under the export refinance scheme at the repo rate- Bond sales via open market operations- Raising banks' cash reserve ratio, now at a record low 4 per centRaise the policy repo rate, currently at 7.25 per centProvide a dollar-window for oil firms to pay for importsBuy oil bonds from companies by paying dollarsAsk exporters to convert FX dollar holdings immediatelyAsk importers to delay or stagger dollar paymentsCurb speculation by cutting net open position limitsPersuade banks and financial firms to raise funds abroadGovernment MeasuresRaise foreign investment limits in debtIncrease duties on non-essential imports, like electronicsAttract money from Indian citizens abroad, or issue sovereign debtAnnounce additional fiscal, economic reforms(Reuters)
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For the past two years, the power generation business has been completely unviable,” says Ashok Khurana, director general of the Association of Power Producers (APP). He could well be speaking for the entire sector, which has been grappling with issues such as falling plant load factor, stranded capacity, low generation, critical coal stock levels and rising losses of distribution companies. The last two have seriously crippled the generation sector, say insiders. The past few weeks have seen the government taking steps to revive the sector, but it might be a case of too little too late. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has cleared a proposal to allow power producers to pass on the cost of imported coal used to make up for the deficiency in domestic supply. The move is expected to provide relief to power projects that have been operating at a plant load factor of 68.40 per cent this year as compared to 73.76 per cent last year.However, many fear a delay in the implementation of the proposal. “It’s too early to predict the final result, as implementation is key to issues that remain unresolved,” says Anil Sardana, managing director, Tata Power. Khurana echoes the sentiment: “Even the first step, where the coal ministry needs to pass an amendment to the National Coal Distribution Policy, has not been taken.”Moreover, industry honchos do not see the CCEA measure as a permanent solution to the fuel crisis. “We have to look at improving the production of coal in keeping with our capacity addition. In the first year of the current (Five-Year) Plan, we have already added some 18 gigawatt (GW) of fresh capacity. Is our coal production going to match that,” asks Arup Roy Choudhury, CMD of NTPC.The problem of mismatch is set to persist with the Ministry of Power targeting 80 GW of fresh capacity in the 12th Plan, of which 23 GW has already been added till June 2013. Barring plants that depend entirely on imported coal and those that are expected to be supplied with coal blocks, the power sector’s requirement will be 653 million tonne (mt) of coal per annum. Of this, only 415 mt will come from Coal India. The remainder will have to come in via imports. The government’s move is going to inflate the electricity bills of consumers. The extra burden will be in addition to the regular tariff hikes prescribed by the financial restructuring package for discoms. “We can’t make the developer responsible for something not in his control. Now, whatever is paid by the developer is passed on to the consumer. It is for the consumers to decide if they want more expensive electricity or if they will be fine with candlelight,” says a senior power ministry official.But there is scepticism about the smooth implementation of the pass-through mechanism. “The discoms will have a problem with this... Politicians will not allow regulators to increase the tariff. The discoms will end up buying electricity at a price higher than what they will sell at. Their losses will go up,” says a senior Planning Commission official.Clearly, there is pain ahead for discoms. “Theoretically, the impact of imported coal is going to get passed through, but it won’t happen quickly. There will be a time lag. The regulatory process takes time unless there is a fuel surcharge in place, which allows for quarterly reviews. Otherwise, the entire process takes more than a year,” says Salil Garg, director, corporates, at India Ratings. Given that discoms already have Rs 70,000 crore of regulatory assets (money recoverable in future from consumers with regulators’ sanction) on their balance sheets, this lag will only increase the pressure. Passing on the extra burden to the consumers will not be easy as pressure builds on state governments to moderate tariff hikes in the future. break-page-breakAccording to Crisil Research data, while 15 states hiked their tariffs in 2012-13, only 13 state electricity regulatory commissions, out of the 21 that applied for a revision this year, have allowed their respective discoms to hike tariffs. Moreover, the average hike this year has been only 5.2 per cent against 13.4 per cent in 2012-13.“In 2013-14, in the first quarter, seven states have hiked tariffs. We expect annual tariff increases of 5-7 per cent from 2013-14 to 2015-16. This, coupled with the implementation of the debt restructuring package for state-owned discoms, is estimated to eliminate the ACS-ARR (average cost supply and average revenue realised) gap by 2015-16,” says Rahul Prithiani, director, Crisil Research.Further, discoms have to contend with their AT&C (aggregate technical and commercial) losses, which stand at an average of 25 per cent, and the growing burden of agricultural subsidies — the sector contributes a measly 8 per cent to the discoms’ revenues while consuming 22 per cent of the total electricity produced. “Despite the current issues, I don’t see much of a problem with the generation sector; the challenge for the power sector lies on the distribution side,” says P. Umashankar, ex-secretary, Ministry of Power.The government’s recent decision to increase the price of domestic gas from April 2014 will make gas-based power costlier. Pre-empting this, Essar Energy has decided to convert two of its gas-based projects (a total of 1,015 MW capacity) into coal-fired ones.While the going has been tough for conventional energy sources, renewable energy has somewhat redeemed itself. It accounts for around 13 per cent of the total installed capacity, or 28 GW, as of March 2013. While technical and economic concerns around renewable energy remain, it is seen as the answer to a power-deficit India, where only 92.8 million out of the total 167.8 million households have access to power. Efforts are under way to integrate this energy into the grid. As things stand today, all the stakeholders need to get their act together: the consumers, the producers, the distributors, the regulators and the government. As the Planning Commission official aptly puts it: “The basic problem with the Indian power sector is that those involved want conflicting things... We have stopped being a fair state and there is no appetite for a fair and equitable solution.” chhavi.tyagi@abp.in;chhavityagi.bw@gmail.comtwitter@chhavityagibw(This story was published in BW | Businessworld Issue Dated 26-08-2013)
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Last October, turbines for the NTPC plant in Farakka, West Bengal, needed to be transported through National Waterway 1 (Allahabad-Haldia) due to their large dimensions and 300,000 tonne weight. It took 45 days for the two boats to get from Allahabad to Kolkata, a distance which should not have taken more than 10 days at the most. The reason? The shallow draught along parts of the Ganga believed to be navigable by fairly large vessels.India has failed to promote and maintain the cheapest and greenest mode of ferrying goods and people — water transport. Even though in the 1980s, of the 14,500 km of navigable waterways in India, 4,500 km were declared commercially viable, they are still “under development”. Currently, less than 3,000 km are used — constituting a mere 0.4 per cent of the total transport share and an even lower 0.15 per cent of freight movement in the country.Waterways in the Netherlands amount to just 5,200 km, but account for 60 per cent of the freight movement in the country. Germany has 56 of its 74 metropolitan regions connected by waterways and has 100 inland ports, whereas India — with a landmass and coastline many times that of Germany’s — has only 190 ports in all, with not even a handful that are inland ports. Again, while the US uses over 19,000 km of commercially navigable inland and coastal waterways to transport 8.3 per cent of the country’s freight, in China that number stands at 8.7 per cent.Proposals intended to promote waterways in India rarely take off, like the Mumbai transport department’s attempts to run a ferry service between Borivili and Nariman Point. First proposed in 1983, the project cost is estimated at around Rs 1,000 crore today. It has been discussed several times, been cleared by the Union environment ministry and the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation has even gone to the extent of issuing tenders twice over the past four years — but it is nowhere close to starting.At the national level, in the 1980s the Union government had announced six national waterways (NW) — three of which are operational, two are stuck in bureaucratic processes and one’s future is uncertain. Of the three operational NWs, the one on the Ganga is the most popular for cargo and river tourism, largely on account of its proximity to existing or proposed industries, thermal power plants and shrines. Government officials believe this is the best developed and maintained waterway in the country.It’s All PotentialAcross the globe, water transport is recognised as the most fuel- and cost-efficient and the least damaging to the environment. It is largely used to ferry cargo because it makes economic sense. One litre of fuel can move 24 tonne over a distance of one km by road, 85 tonne by rail and 105 tonne by water. Similarly, one horsepower of energy can move 150 kg by road, 500 kg by rail and 4,000 kg by water. “The horsepower-load ratio in water transport is far more viable than any other mode of transport,” says R.P. Khare, chief engineer, Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI). On the cost side, he says it takes around Rs 6 crore to develop and maintain one km tonne of waterway, 1.5 to 2 times that for rail and 2 to 3 times that for roads.Water transport, for the most part, is nonexistent in India even after 25 years of the passage of the Inland Water Transport Act. In 1986, the Act was implemented, IWAI was set up and the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly system became the first NW. Yet, it is hard to name even half a dozen companies utilising water transport for goods or people. According to K.J. Sohan, former Kochi mayor and member, standing committee on town planning, Kochi Corporation, the neglect of waterways can be blamed on the lack of a “godfather” and the economics of patronage. “The most coveted mode of transport is road transport — and the exponential growth of this sector has been largely due to the automobile industry. Unfortunately, there is no boat-making industry.” Sohan says he submitted a proposal to the Centre for the revamp of Kochi’s waterways under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. “I never got any response and today the city is plagued with congested roads and many diversions with the upcoming metro project,” he adds.Incidentally, Kochi’s ferry service, operating from 50 jetties and used by thousands of people for going to work, shop or school, has boats that are noisy, rickety and polluting, in the absence of a policy and funding to improve services.Within the IWAI — the nodal agency on waterways set up under the ministry of shipping — there is more talk of potential than actual utilisation. As per the authority’s estimates, NW 1 is located close to 15 sanctioned and proposed coal-based power plants that could provide 25 million metric tonnes of cargo per annum (mmtpa). Fertilisers from the existing plants amounting to around 10 mmtpa can be moved on waterways as, of the 25 mmtpa consumed in India as a whole, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal use up 10 mmtpa. In 2010-11, around 33 million tonne (mt) of foodgrain was transported using rail and road networks, of which 30 mt was inter-state transportation. IWAI says waterways could supplement rail and road networks as in 2010-11 around 3 mt of grain could not be transported.The authority recently released a report on the development of waterways over the next two decades, which suggests NW 1 has a potential of 10 mt of coal by 2019-20, 1 mt of fertilisers, 2.5 mt of fly ash, 2 mt of foodgrain, over-dimensional cargo (ODC) of 2 mt and other commodities to the tune of 0.49 mt. During the same period, the estimate for NW 2 is around 2.6 mt of coal, 0.2 mt of fertiliser, 1 mt of foodgrain, 2 mt of cement, 1.8 mt of ODC and 0.5 mt of other cargo. For NW 3, the estimates add up to a total of 4.73 mt.A Deluge Of ProblemsThe reasons cited for poor development of water transport are lack of industrialisation along river banks, shortage of manpower in IWAI, lack of political will, poor technology, lack of incentives and an income assurance to attract investment. The lack of development of the water sector can also be blamed on the nature of Indian rivers and slow-moving vessels. Rivers in India carry a heavy silt load and are prone to flash floods. The fact that most water transport is slow moving does not appeal to business enterprises, says S. Sriraman, a professor of transport economics, Mumbai University.“A major drawback in Indian waterways transport is the lack of integration with other modes of transport,” he says. Explaining the need for integrated transport systems, the professor cites the National Transport Policy’s emphasis on the need for multi-modal integrated transport systems in urban India to reduce congestion — a fact rarely taken into account when planning roads, railways or metro systems, as evident from the ever-increasing congestion.Funds crunch has been the main hurdle for water transport. For 2013-14, it was allocated Rs 300 crore, but by June the sum was reduced to Rs 200 crore. Before the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plans, the total budgetary allocation for IWAI did not exceed Rs 100 crore for a five-year period. The National Transport Development Policy Committee (NTDPC) report notes that since IWAI’s inception in 1986, until 2012, Rs 886 crore was spent on NW 1, 2 and 3 and Rs 150 crore on schemes and subsidies. But with the 11th Plan’s increased allocation, IWAI spent Rs 560 crore, bringing the total spend over 25 years to around Rs 1,500 crore.Asked about why water transport has not moved forward despite many factors in its favour, IWAI vice-chairperson Jayshree Mukherjee says, “We are hoping with the example of NW 1, things will look up and more investors will come forward.” NTDPC, IWAI and logistics firm JITF Vector have signed an agreement to transport 330 mt of coal on NW 1 from Haldia to the Farakka plant. If the project is successful, NTPC and Jindal will look to expand the same to two more power plants — Barh and Kahalgaon in Bihar.Officials at IWAI inject a note of caution. They say private investment will only come in if there is a guaranteed load to be carried. “An assurance of sorts is needed,” says Khare. Citing the example of Goa where barely 80 km of waterway is used to carry over 55 mt of iron ore, he says water is used wherever there is a promised load as it is the cheapest form of transport.With the increasing interest of investors, officials and even tour operators, things are looking up. “We will be able to improve the waterway facilities to ensure private investment,” says Khare. He adds that in the 12th Plan, IWAI proposes to spend Rs 1,500 crore — around what it has managed to spend over 25 years. But, at present, waterways in India transport only 100,000 people and 4.5 mt of cargo annually. If projects in the pipeline materialise, investors come forward and the IWAI does not disappoint, India could boast of one of the largest and greenest transport networks in the world. mmatbworld@gmail.com(This story was published in BW | Businessworld Issue Dated 26-08-2013)
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Tata Power Company posted an unexpected net loss of Rs 115 crore in the April-June quarter, hit by higher finance costs and foreign exchange losses.Analysts had forecast a net profit of Rs 264 crore compared with Rs 146 crore in the same period a year ago.Tata Power, part of the salt-to-steel Tata Group, has been expanding its business abroad, including in Africa and the Middle East.But its biggest domestic power plant, Mundra, located in Gujarat, has come under financial stress as a regulatory decision allowing it to pass on the rising costs of imported coal to customers has yet to be implemented.Ratings agency Moody's cut its ratings outlook to "negative" from "stable" on Tata at the start of July, citing "material covenant breaches on bank debt" for the Mundra project.(Reuters)
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The number of people out of a job in the euro zone has fallen for the first time since April 2011, the latest sign that the bloc may make a muted recovery from recession later this year. Falling spending in June by shoppers in Germany, France and Spain, however, will dampen any early celebrations, but low annual inflation — stable at 1.6 per cent in July — means the European Central Bank is able to act if the recovery falters. In June, more than 19 million people were unemployed, 24,000 fewer compared with May, European Union statistics agency Eurostat said. Predictions of a rebound have so far proved illusory as Europe tries to overcome more than three years of crisis. Indeed, the fall in euro zone joblessness was not enough to bring down the overall unemployment reading for the bloc, which remained at a record 12.1 per cent for the fourth straight month.Joining ForcesFrance’s Schneider Electric is to buy British engineering firm Invensys for £3.4 billion to strengthen its high-margin industrial automation business and win more custom in the fast-growing energy sector. The deal, Schneider’s biggest since its $6.1 billion purchase of American Power Conversion Corp in 2006, will combine Invensys’s automation software that helps run power stations, oil refineries and chemical plants with Schneider’s automation products for the car, aerospace, food and beverage industries. It will bolster the French group against larger players such as Switzerland’s ABB and Germany’s Siemens and give it the opportunity to cross-sell its energy-efficiency products to Invensys’s high energy-using customers.Rescue Act PSA Peugeot Citroen won EU approval for a €7 billion state-backed debt rescue, keeping the French automaker afloat as it struggles to rein in losses. The European Commission said it had approved the financing aid, granted last year, on condition that Peugeot keeps debt in check and pays a higher rate as its financing business improves. “This is a balanced result which offers the PSA group the chance to make a new start on a sound basis,” EU Competition Commissioner Joaquin Almunia said. Peugeot, the carmaker worst hit by Europe’s five-year auto market slump, made a loss of €5 billion last year and is still burning through more than €100 million each month. The Paris-based company was forced to negotiate the three-year state guarantee for its car loans arm, Banque PSA Finance, after a series of credit downgrades swelled borrowing costs.Shock AbsorberBarclays is raising £5.8 billion from its shareholders to help plug a larger-than-expected capital shortfall identified by Britain’s financial regulator at the bank. The Bank of England’s Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) said Barclays needed an extra £12.8 billion to strengthen its capital reserves against potential market shocks. That was higher than an estimate of about £7 billion a month ago, mainly due to tougher European rules on the way banks measure risks. The PRA gave the 320-year-old bank a year to fill the gap, requiring it to turn to shareholders to speed up its plan to rebuild capital.Green Stand France took formal steps to outlaw the sales of several Mercedes models, upping the stakes in a stand-off over parent company Daimler’s use of an air-conditioning coolant banned by the EU. Registrations on the Mercedes A- and B-Class, and CLA “will remain forbidden in France as long as the company does not conform to European regulations”, the environment ministry said, after the German luxury carmaker contested the move in court.Tough Call Miner BHP Billiton is weighing in on the fate of a $14-billion Canadian potash project just as the collapse of a dominant potash cartel puts more pressure on already weak prices. The Jansen project in Canada’s Saskatchewan province was a tough call for BHP CEO Andrew Mackenzie, with mining investors reluctant to spend on big-ticket projects and most also cool on an oversupplied potash market. But Russian potash giant Uralkali’s decision to break out of its venture with Belaruskali, a move that could slash the nutrient’s prices by 25 per cent, could leave Mackenzie with an even tougher choice — that of cancelling it.Upward Swing US economic growth unexpectedly accelerated in the second quarter, laying a firmer foundation for the rest of the year that could bring the Federal Reserve a step closer to cutting back its monetary stimulus. Gross domestic product grew at a 1.7 per cent annual rate, the Commerce Department said, stepping up from the first quarter’s downwardly revised 1.1 per cent expansion pace. The economic picture was further brightened by the ADP National Employment Report, which showed private employers added 200,000 jobs in July, maintaining June’s pace.All In A NameMicrosoft is changing the name of Skydrive, its cloud storage service, after a legal challenge by broadcaster BSkyB. A US high court ruled that the name infringed its trademark. The judge had said there was evidence Skydrive’s name had caused confusion among customers having problems with Microsoft’s product, who would end up calling the BSkyB helpline in the mistaken belief that it was responsible for the service. This is the second time in recent months that BSkyB has successfully defended its trademark against a tech company.Time-BoundTwo former Apple employees have accused the iPhone maker in a lawsuit of subjecting hourly store workers to daily searches while they were off-the-clock, arguing they should be compensated. The ‘screenings’ or bag searches, designed to discourage theft, are conducted every time sales reps leave the store, including for meal breaks, the plaintiffs alleged in a lawsuit. They are seeking unpaid wages, overtime compensation and other penalties.Trade Spat China and the European Union (EU) defused their biggest trade dispute by far with a deal to regulate Chinese solar panel imports and avoid a wider war over goods from wine to steel. After six weeks of talks, EU’s trade chief and his Chinese counterpart sealed the deal, setting a minimum price for panels from China that are near spot market prices. EU solar panel makers accuse China of benefitting from huge state subsidies, allowing them to dump about €21 billion worth of below-cost panels in Europe last year, putting European firms out of business. EU had planned to impose hefty tariffs, but will no longer do so.Past To Present TenseJapanese firms can’t seem to put the past behind them. A South Korean court ordered Japan’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to pay a total of 400 million Korean won ($360,200) in compensation to five South Koreans (all deceased) for forced labour during Japan’s colonial rule till 1945. Mitsubishi said it would appeal the decision. The Busan High Court’s decision followed a separate ruling ordering Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp to pay compensation to four South Koreans for forced labour during the 35-year colonial rule. The Seoul High Court ruled against Nippon Steel and Sumitomo, ordering them to pay 100 million won to each of the four plaintiffs. Nippon Steel has also said it will appeal.(This story was published in BW | Businessworld Issue Dated 26-08-2013)
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