Private Sector Key To Strengthening India's Internal Security Amid Evolving Threats: Report

India’s internal security framework is undergoing significant transformation, with increasing reliance on the private sector to provide advanced technologies, skilled manpower, and strategic partnerships to combat modern threats. Key findings suggest that industry involvement is critical in areas like cybercrime prevention, enhancing surveillance capabilities, and addressing security needs in sectors ranging from healthcare to infrastructure.

Innovations in technology such as AI, machine learning, and blockchain are being viewed as game changes for public policy, and there is a recognition that the private sector will provide that technology and expertise. Moreover, private security staff is increasingly being used in public safety and in an urban environment where public safety services are overwhelmed. The pooling of capabilities between the two sectors is also a salient factor in the success of projects such as cybersecurity collaboration; both startups and established firms play an active role in achieving government objectives.

These points are cited in a report issued by Assocham and EY titled  "Industry’s Role In Internal Security: Strategies For Viksit Bharat,”underlining the importance of blending private sector capabilities with India’s current internal security framework. As India works toward the goal of Viksit Bharat in 2047, there are rising discussions of public and private sector collaborations, among other recommendations outlined in the report, to address new forms of internal security, which could be terrorism, insurgency, cybercrime, economic offences and others. 

India’s Internal Security Challenges
The internal security framework in India is managed by both central and state governments, with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) playing a significant role in formulating policies and coordinating efforts. However, the country faces a vast array of challenges ranging from terrorism to organised crime, and now, with the proliferation of the internet, cyber threats have also surged.

According to the report, India’s police-to-population ratio is 34 per cent lower than that of G7 countries, case pendency in courts is greater than 90 per cent, and the average conviction rate is less than 30 percent which is putting additional pressure on law enforcement to maintain order in an ever-expanding urban landscape. Cybercrime, in particular, is a growing concern, fuelled by the rapid adoption of mobile technology, fintech, and digital services.

The report cites data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), which highlights that while India’s law enforcement is catching up, more needs to be done to address these challenges. India’s ranking in the Global Peace Index improved from 139 in 2020 to 116 in 2024, but the nation must continue to invest in internal security infrastructure to safeguard its economic growth and global influence.

The Role Of Industry In Internal Security
The report identifies several critical areas where industry can make substantial contributions to India’s internal security efforts. The collaboration between industry and government is divided into five key dimensions:

Supply of Goods and Equipment: The industry plays a role in supplying advanced technology, such as surveillance systems, cybersecurity tools, and protective gear to law enforcement and security agencies.

Project Implementation: The private sector supports technical and non-technical projects, including the design and implementation of solutions like the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS), which is used by police forces across India.

Private Security Manpower: The report highlights the importance of trained private security personnel who assist in protecting critical infrastructure and maintaining public order, thereby complementing state security efforts.

Consulting and Project Management: Industry experts provide strategic oversight, consulting services, and project management to ensure the efficient execution of internal security initiatives.

Strategic Partnerships: Collaboration between industry and government agencies to foster innovation, especially in cutting-edge technologies like AI, blockchain, and surveillance systems.

Technological Advancements And Strategic Partnerships
The report outlines the importance of embracing modern technologies to improve the efficiency of law enforcement agencies. Technological advancements, such as AI, blockchain, and machine learning, are revolutionising the internal security sector. These technologies can help optimise surveillance, enhance data management, and facilitate quicker response times in emergencies.

One of the examples highlighted in the report is the collaboration between the Rajasthan Police and TiE (The Indus Entrepreneurs), aimed at fostering cybersecurity innovation. This partnership provides opportunities for tech start-ups to work on cybersecurity solutions tailored to the state’s needs.

Furthermore, the report stresses the role of Atmanirbhar Bharat and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes, which encourage indigenous manufacturing of security equipment, reducing dependence on foreign technology. However, the report notes that while initiatives like these are essential, more must be done to bolster local industries’ capabilities in producing high-quality, strategic electronic equipment.

Funding and Procurement Challenges
Despite the government's increased allocation of funds to internal security projects, including those for advanced surveillance and cyber defence, the report raises concerns over the under-utilisation of funds by some states. For example, MHA’s centrally sponsored schemes for modernising police forces and upgrading forensic capacities have seen low utilisation rates, highlighting the need for better planning and execution.

Moreover, the report points out that public procurement processes are often slow and cumbersome, which can delay critical projects. It recommends adopting open industry consultations before finalising tenders and using standardised templates to streamline procurement across different states.

People and Talent Management
Attracting top-tier talent to internal security projects is another area where industry can play a crucial role. The report calls for the adoption of innovative methods, such as hackathons, to engage young professionals and students in solving real-world security challenges. Additionally, the quality-cum-cost-based selection (QCBS) methodology is recommended to ensure that the best talent is working on critical security initiatives.

However, the report also warns against over-reliance on private sector firms for project implementation, noting that excessive dependence on private vendors can lead to inflated costs and reduced strategic control for the government.

The Assocham-EY report concludes that for India to achieve its Viksit Bharat vision by 2047, a robust internal security framework is essential. This will require close collaboration between government and industry, leveraging technological innovations and strategic partnerships to address both traditional and modern security threats. With the right investments and policy frameworks, the industry can play a transformative role in ensuring India’s internal security and economic stability for decades to come.