Ipsos And UNHCR Global Survey Paints A Mixed Picture On Public Attitudes Towards Refugees

The Ipsos and UNHCR global survey, one of the largest of its kind, has shed new light on public attitudes towards refugees in the run-up to World Refugee Day 2024. The survey, which included 33,197 adults across 52 countries, was conducted as part of UNHCR’s Hope Away from Home campaign. 

Against the backdrop of an unprecedented refugee crisis—with over 120 million people forcibly displaced worldwide, including 43.3 million refugees—the survey offers a nuanced understanding of public sentiment. It reveals a world divided by compassion, skepticism and a call for more robust policies. 

Understanding and Attitudes 

The survey highlights that 75 per cent of respondents globally understand the term "refugee" to mean someone fleeing conflict, violence, or persecution. However, misconceptions persist, with some associating refugees with those escaping natural disasters or seeking better economic opportunities. 

Despite widespread support, with 73 per cent expressing willingness to offer refuge to those fleeing war and persecution, skepticism remains high. A significant 61 per cent believe refugees are primarily economic migrants. Concerns about integration are prevalent, with 41 per cent doubting refugees' ability to assimilate and 46 per cent questioning their positive contribution to host countries. Alarmingly, 44 per cent believe their country should close its borders to refugees altogether. 

Regional and Demographic Variations 

Support for refugees is notably high in the Middle East, Africa and Latin America, with Kenya (93 per cent) and Uganda (92 per cent) leading in positive sentiment. In contrast, support dips to 65 per cent in the Asia-Pacific region, where concerns about economic migration and access to welfare systems are more pronounced. 

European countries display the highest concern about integration and refugees' contribution, with over half skeptical about successful assimilation. Younger people tend to be more positive towards refugees compared to older generations, indicating a generational divide in attitudes. 

Legal Pathways and Refugee Intake 

Opinions on legal pathways for refugees are split. While 36 per cent believe current legal routes are sufficient, 31 per cent advocate for expanding them. A minority of 14 per cent support sealing borders entirely. 

The perception of refugee intake is also varied, with nearly half (49 per cent) thinking their country has accepted too many refugees. This contrasts with 23 per cent who believe the intake is appropriate and 14 per cent who feel it is insufficient. 

Impact and Support 

Public opinion is divided on the impact of refugees. Around a third believe refugees positively influence labour markets and national economies, while another third anticipate adverse effects. Concerns are particularly strong regarding public services and national security. 

Despite mixed sentiments, there is notable public action in support of refugees. While one-third have shown support through donations or social media, more direct assistance, such as volunteering or job assistance, is less common. Countries like Egypt, Ecuador, Kenya, Nigeria and India exhibit higher rates of direct support for refugee employment.  

The Ipsos and UNHCR survey reveals a complex landscape of public opinion towards refugees, characterised by both empathy and apprehension. These insights are crucial for shaping policies and fostering a more inclusive environment for those seeking refuge from conflict and persecution.