Buying A ULIP? Here’s A checklist

ULIP’s (Unit Linked Insurance Plans) are a classic example of a well-intended financial product that didn’t quite live up to its potential. Despite the first ULIP being launched by UTI in 1971, the market share of ULIP’s in total life insurance premium mobilised fell to as low as 12 per cent by 2014, before making a comeback of sorts to around the 25 per cent mark last year.

The thought process behind launching ULIP’s as a product was noble – provide clients with the opportunity to park their life insurance premiums in a more transparent manner, and offer them a chance to participate in the superior growth offered by the capital markets. Unfortunately, things didn’t quite turn out as planned, at least at the beginning. 

From 2005 onwards, buoyed by the growth in stocks, private players launched a slew of ULIP’s. Unfortunately, many of these ULIP’s carried extremely high front end costs which were essentially paid out as commissions (often as high as 70 per cent of the first-year premium, in some cases) and rampant mis-selling ensued, leading to a fundamental loss of faith in ULIP’s as a product over the five or so years that followed. In 2009, the regulator took cognizance of this and passed regulations that capped the maximum fund management expenses as well as front end loads that could be applied to a ULIP, thereby making these products a lot more investor friendly. If you’ve decided to invest your money into a ULIP, make sure you check these points before you sign off.

Charges

Look for a ULIP with a low premium allocation charge. The premium allocation charge is essentially the brokerage being paid to your agent. A high allocation charge will start you off on the back foot, as the percentage allocation to your investment pool will drop in tandem. Any ULIP with an allocation charge exceeding 5 per cent should be avoided. There are a number of ULIP’s nowadays which do not levy an allocation charge if the annual premium exceeds a given threshold. Other costs include policy administration charges (ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand), fund management charges (which usually range from 0.50 to 1.50 per cent per annum), and mortality costs.

Fund Performance

Astonishingly, hardly anyone gives a thought to fund performances before investing in a ULIP! Before you buy a ULIP, it’s worthwhile to check back for past returns on a popular and credible portal such as Morningstar. Typically, most ULIP funds tend to underperform mutual funds of similar categories over the long term, so make sure that you opt for ULIP’s that have performed in the top quartile of their categories over 5–10-year periods.

Associated Sum Assured

Lest you forget - the main purpose of buying a Life Insurance policy is to up your life cover and create a cushion for your family to be indemnified against the loss of income arising from the potential loss of your life. If you aren’t receiving a fairly high death benefit from your ULIP, you may be better off combining a simple term insurance plan with mutual funds instead. IRDA has currently mandated a sum assured of least 10X your annual premium (7X if you’re above 45). That’s a Rs. 10 Lac sum assured for an annual premium of Rs. 1 Lac, which is woefully low. Ironically, upping your sum assured may lead to your mortality costs (refer the paragraph on charges) shooting through the roof and impacting your fund growth. You need to figure out, through permutations and combinations, if your ULIP even allows you to strike an optimal balance between your sum assured and your portfolio growth.

Switching Costs

The asset allocation you choose to start off with will largely determine your long term return. If you’ve young and have a long term investment horizon, go for a larger allocation to the equity fund and a lower allocation to debt. If your risk tolerance is lower, you may need to opt for a higher allocation to debt. An annual rebalancing via switches may be required, in order to bring your asset allocation back to your target percentages. Some ULIP’s allow free switches, whereas still others allow a pre-fixed number of cost free switches every year – typically ranging from five to ten. Don’t turn a blind eye to your asset allocation while investing in a ULIP.