Zeroing In To Review GST With The MSME Lens
As GST continues to evolve, its impact on the Indian economy, particularly on MSMEs, will likely become even more pronounced, writes Amit Prasad
The sights and sounds of a busy Indian market in the early 1990s entailed small business owners manoeuvring through a maze of taxes and regulations. Tax evasion was often seen as a smart move rather than a legal risk. However, 2017 set an epochal date—a phase that everyone in the business world would remember.
The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) promised a revolution—a unified tax system designed to simplify life for businesses across the country. For micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), GST has been nothing short of transformative, streamlining processes and fostering a more transparent business environment. This article delves into the profound impact GST has had on MSMEs, drawing from real-world experiences and observations.
Navigating The Early Taxation Landscape
In the early 1990s, the complexities of the taxation system were a significant challenge for individuals and businesses alike. Despite the introduction of measures such as the 1/6 formula, which made tax filing compulsory for certain individuals, the prevalent mindset often leaned towards tax evasion. Conversations among professionals frequently revolved around minimizing tax liabilities, highlighting the pervasive reluctance to fully comply with tax regulations.
The Modi government's ascendancy in 2014 brought renewed focus on increasing tax compliance. Efforts to broaden the tax base saw some success, yet many businesses continued to operate primarily in cash, avoiding formal tax obligations. The government’s ongoing narrative to clamp down on black money and promote transparency sets the stage for more profound reforms.
The Dawn Of GST: A Game Changer
The introduction of GST on 30 June 2017, represented a significant leap towards tax reform. This move was likened to a modern-day "tryst with destiny" for India’s economic framework. GST aimed to replace multiple state and central taxes with a unified tax system, promising enhanced efficiency and reduced tax evasion.
Globally, the implementation of GST in various countries has demonstrated substantial benefits, particularly for small businesses. The consolidation of taxes under GST simplified the tax structure, making compliance more straightforward and less burdensome. Early GST collections in India, which hovered around ₹90,000 crores, showcased the potential of this new system to bring more businesses into the formal economy.
Streamlining Compliance And Operations
One of the most significant advantages of GST for MSMEs has been the simplification of the tax structure. Previously, businesses had to navigate a complex web of state and central taxes, including VAT, service tax, and excise duties. Each tax came with its own compliance requirements and rates, complicating the process significantly. GST consolidated these taxes into a single framework, streamlining compliance and reducing the administrative burden on businesses.
This simplification also translated into fewer interactions with various tax departments. Businesses no longer need to allocate extensive resources to manage multiple tax filings and compliance procedures. This reduction in bureaucratic red tape allowed MSMEs to focus more on their core operations, enhancing productivity and growth.
Enhancing Transparency And Accountability
GST has fostered a culture of transparency and accountability among businesses. The robust GSTIN software backbone facilitates seamless tax filing and compliance, ensuring that transactions are accurately recorded and reported. The moment an invoice is raised and the corresponding return is filed, both parties involved in the transaction can verify the filing status and the input tax credit available.
This transparency has made it increasingly difficult for businesses to evade taxes. Vendors now routinely include GST in their pricing, reflecting a shift towards greater compliance. The ease of using the GSTIN platform, even for junior finance personnel, has further contributed to accurate and timely submissions.
Boosting MSME Competitiveness
The uniformity brought by GST has enhanced the competitiveness of MSMEs. Before GST, pricing goods and services differently across various geographies often led to complexity and reduced competitiveness. GST’s uniform tax rate has eliminated these disparities, enabling businesses to operate more efficiently in different markets.
Additionally, GST has levelled the playing field between businesses that operate ethically and those that previously thrived on tax evasion. Ethical businesses that comply with GST regulations can now compete more effectively, as the overall tax compliance environment has improved.
Addressing Payment Delays And Enhancing Cash Flow
For MSMEs, cash flow management is crucial. One of the related reforms to GST is the mandate that invoices must be cleared within 45 days, failing which the delay must be reported to auditors and included in the balance sheet. Effective April 1, 2024, expenses will be disallowed if payments to MSME vendors are delayed. This change aims to address payment delays and ensure timely settlements, further supporting the financial stability of MSMEs.
The introduction of mandatory e-invoicing, with the compliance threshold reduced to Rs 5 crore, also plays a significant role in enhancing cash flow management. By ensuring timely invoicing and payment cycles, GST compliance becomes less burdensome, and businesses can manage their finances more effectively.
Using Technology As A Catalyst For Future Growth
The role of technology in GST compliance cannot be overstated. The GSTIN platform's ease of use and robust features have made it accessible to businesses of all sizes. For MSMEs, the ability to automate tax calculations and filings has significantly reduced the scope for errors and streamlined operations.
As businesses increasingly adopt digital tools and platforms, the integration of GST compliance with other business processes becomes more seamless. This integration not only ensures compliance but also provides valuable data insights that can drive strategic decision-making and growth.
The Panoptic View: A Bright Future For MSMEs
The introduction of GST has been a transformative development for MSMEs in India. By simplifying the tax structure, enhancing transparency, and fostering a culture of compliance, GST has provided a solid foundation for businesses to thrive. While challenges remain, such as ensuring timely payments to vendors, the ongoing evolution of GST regulations promises to address these issues and further support MSME growth.
As GST continues to evolve, its impact on the Indian economy, particularly on MSMEs, will likely become even more pronounced. The journey towards a fully compliant and transparent tax environment is ongoing, but the strides made so far have already positioned GST as a significant boon for MSMEs, enabling them to compete more effectively and contribute to India's economic growth.
